{"id":1655,"date":"2017-04-12T15:10:59","date_gmt":"2017-04-12T15:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.www.francismiller.com\/?p=1655"},"modified":"2023-11-07T10:36:01","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T10:36:01","slug":"multi-level-summaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Multi-level summaries: A new approach to non-fiction books"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"210\" class=\"wp-image-1729 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 499px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 499\/210;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"210\" class=\"wp-image-1729\" src=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>I have written a paper on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/mls-paper\/\">multi-level summaries<\/a>, which looks at how non-fiction books can be made easier to understand, remember and act on.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The problem<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The paper:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>looks at some of the problems non-fiction readers face including finding it hard to get started, drowning in detail and forgetting what a book is about<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>suggests that there are two ways of approaching a book &#8211; through the sequential structure or the meaning structure &#8211; and that a key issue for readers is moving from a book&#8217;s sequential structure to its meaning structure<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>suggests that, because most non-fiction books have more of an implicit meaning structure, readers face an increased cognitive load and end up not remembering much of what they read.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The solution<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The paper:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>suggests that the solution is to provide multi-level summaries, which provide explicit meaning structures<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>shows that Google Maps is a good analogy for multi-level summaries, which allow readers to zoom in for the detail and zoom out for the big picture<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>explains how multi-level summaries provide a solution to the previously described problems that non-fiction readers face.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Read the paper here &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/mls-paper\/\">www.francismiller.com\/mls-paper<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A paper on how non-fiction books can be made easier to understand, remember and act on.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1729,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,36,35,31],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Multi-level summaries: A new approach to non-fiction books - Francis Miller<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Multi-level summaries: A new approach to non-fiction books - Francis Miller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A paper on how non-fiction books can be made easier to understand, remember and act on.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Francis Miller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-12T15:10:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-07T10:36:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"499\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"210\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Francis Miller\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@francis_miller\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@francis_miller\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Francis Miller\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/\",\"name\":\"Multi-level summaries: A new approach to non-fiction books - Francis Miller\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-12T15:10:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-07T10:36:01+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b87d9bf6e71f661bbac3823c6ea0ed24\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/meaning_structure_diagram.png\",\"width\":499,\"height\":210},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/multi-level-summaries\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Multi-level summaries: A new approach to non-fiction books\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.francismiller.com\/\",\"name\":\"Francis Miller\",\"description\":\"Information &amp; 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